Symptoms of mania include:

• A. sleepiness.
• B. insecurity.
• C. concentration.
• D. elation.

Answer: (D)

The characteristic symptoms of mania primarily include elevated mood states, and one of the hallmark features is elation. Individuals experiencing mania often display an exaggerated sense of happiness, enthusiasm, or euphoria, which can significantly differ from their normal emotional state. This heightened mood can be accompanied by a sense of invincibility, increased energy, and heightened activity levels.

In contrast, sleepiness and insecurity are more consistent with depressive episodes rather than manic episodes. While concentration issues can occur during manic episodes due to distractibility, it is not a defining symptom of mania itself. The core symptoms of mania are centered around mood alterations, with elation being a primary indicator, making it the most accurate choice among the options provided.